Analysis of high-precision fiber optic gyroscope technology solutions

Analysis of high-precision fiber optic gyroscope technology solutions

1. Core Technology Architecture

Sagnac effect and phase difference detection

Fiber optic gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect, through the measurement of angular motion triggered by the phase difference between the two beams of reverse propagation of light to achieve angular velocity detection, the sensitivity can be up to micro-arc degree level. The core optical path adopts a bias-preserving fiber ring resonant cavity design, which reduces the polarization error to 0.0001°/h scale.

Full digital closed-loop signal processing

Adopting all-digital closed-loop control technology (e.g., FPGA+ASIC architecture) to compensate for the nonlinear error in the optical path in real time, improve the dynamic response speed to more than 10kHz, and support the instantaneous angular velocity capture in high-speed rotating scenes.

Erbium-doped fiber light source optimization

Erbium-doped fiber ultra-fluorescent light source technology to achieve broad-spectrum low-noise output (wavelength stability <0.1ppm), the light source life is extended to the level of 100,000 hours, significantly reducing the impact of light intensity fluctuations on the accuracy.

2. the system design program

Light source module

Integrated 980nm pump laser and erbium-doped fiber amplifier, output power stability of ± 0.01%.

Combined with the temperature control circuit (accuracy of ± 0.01 ℃), to eliminate the light source wavelength drift caused by the measurement error.

Fiber optic loop assembly

Adopting 150mm diameter quadrupole symmetrically wound fiber optic ring to suppress vibration and temperature gradient interference.

Multi-layer armored encapsulation technology achieves ±0.001°/h zero-bias stability.

Signal Processing Unit

Based on digital phase-locked amplification technology (e.g. AD630 chip) to extract weak phase signals.

Minimum detectable phase difference <0.001μrad, corresponding to an angular velocity resolution of 0.0002°/h.

Error compensation module

Integrate temperature, magnetic field, vibration three-axis sensors to build a real-time error compensation model.

Through Kalman filtering algorithm, the integrated error is suppressed to below 0.0015°/h.

3.Key Performance Parameters

Indicator Parameter Range Technical Characteristics

Measurement Accuracy 0.001°/h (1σ) Strategic Navigation Requirement Standard

Dynamic range ±1500°/s Support high-speed vehicle maneuvers

Start-up time <5 seconds Cold start fast response capability

Environmental adaptability -40℃ to +85℃ Military grade wide temperature range design

4.Typical Application Scenarios

High-precision navigation system

Used for nuclear submarine inertial navigation (position drift <0.8 nautical miles/24 hours) and satellite attitude control (pointing accuracy 0.001°).

Strategic Weapon Guidance

Carried on ICBM re-entry vehicle, realizing end-to-end guidance (CEP<10m) in GPS-free environment.

Aerospace platform

Applied to space station docking control (relative attitude error <0.005°) and hypersonic vehicle trajectory tracking.

5. Direction of Technology Evolution

Miniaturized design: develop miniaturized fiber optic ring with diameter <80mm, suitable for UAVs and single soldier equipment.

Anti-jamming enhancement: introduce photonic crystal fiber technology to improve anti-electromagnetic interference capability to 100kV/m field strength environment.

Multi-axis integration solution: develop three-axis integrated package module (volume <0.5L), reduce power consumption to less than 3W.